Tourmaline is a jewellery grade of the tourmaline family and is chemically a silicate borosilicate.
Because it contains various chemical elements such as aluminum, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, potassium, etc., it presents a variety of colors, and is also called "the rainbow that falls into the world." The tourmaline is a trigonal crystal system with no cleavage, hardness of up to 8, and a glass luster. It has a typical spherical triangular fracture and a main face vertical. There are often gas-liquid inclusions and cracks inside.
In China, the history of tourmaline being called tourmaline is not short. In the Qing Emperor Qianlong's Jinshi Cui, "滇海虞衡志" contained "Bixia 玺一玺碧霞çŽ, 一曰碧洗." çŽ is the meaning of pearls.
The Empress Dowager Cixi can be said to be a loyal fan of Tourmaline. According to the "Love Moon Xuan Notes", "(Mercedess Empress Dowager) is surrounded by jade watermelons, green skin, red peony, white seeds, black silk, worth about two hundred and twenty. Wan two (silver). Four emerald melons, two white skins, yellow seeds, whitefly, two green skin, white seeds, yellow scorpion, about 600,000. These four melons are excellent, their value is now More than a few hundred thousand two (silver) also. "At the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, through Tiffany's procurement channels, Cixi almost took all the tourmaline from the Ibalayan mine in the United States.
In recent years, the price of tourmaline has remained high, especially in Japan. There are thousands of high-quality tourmalines, and more than tens of thousands. They are often in a state of out of stock and out of stock, and the supply is in short supply, which has led to the situation of fish in the market.
Some people may hold the idea of ​​"expensive, not too real, really expensive, but cheaper synthetic synthetic tourmaline", and readily purchase the so-called "synthetic tourmaline", but in fact, these goods are not jade The marrow is stained crystal, and maybe even glass.
The first two are not troublesome to identify. Most of them need dyeing treatment, which will inevitably leave traces of dyeing: look carefully at the place where the color changes, the transition is often very unnatural, and the cracks are more concentrated in color.
The chalcedony of the watermelon tourmaline and the so-called popcorn crystal are typical examples. Popcorn crystal is a common counterfeit product in which colorless crystals are cracked and then dyed inside after intense thermal expansion and contraction. It is easy to distinguish along the cracks. Stained glass requires a little more thought. It looks very similar to the tourmaline, but if you look closely, you will find that the strong dichroism in the tourmaline is difficult to imitate.
There are also some tourmalines, which are not as natural as high-quality natural tourmalines, and have no imitation features. At this time, it is very likely that the tourmaline has been optimized. The optimization of tourmaline is mainly heat treatment, irradiation treatment and coating treatment, all of which work hard in color and transparency, or make it transparent, or colorful. In addition, there is glue injection, which can avoid cracks in the processing caused by tourmaline brittleness, but there are also cases where the filling type is filled.
In fact, the artificial synthesis of tourmaline still exists, and synthetic tourmaline has indeed entered the market. The synthetic method of tourmaline is hydrothermal synthesis. The physical properties are basically the same as those of natural gemstones. The refractive index, pleochroism and fluorescence reaction are similar. The only difference is that the density is slightly lower than that of natural tourmaline. Most synthetic tourmalines are dark green and red. It is important to note that they are very good in clarity, seemingly pure and flawless, and the price is very attractive. Consumers who care about purity are likely to be attracted by this “perfectâ€. .
In the end, I still have to say: true and false, fake and true, busy with selection and identification, in fact, may be lost in the fog, it is disturbed by this, want to have a pair of eye, continuous learning and exploration is still indispensable .
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