1. Preparation of documents. Prepare a full set of customs declaration documents before export, and report to the customs in time according to the date of the collection. The full set of customs declaration documents includes the customs declaration agreement (the format is subject to customs requirements), the list of boxes, invoices, contracts, export receipts and verification forms, export goods declaration forms and various types of documents involved in customs supervision conditions. The exporting party shall, in accordance with the name of the exported goods, inspect the customs tariff and determine what regulatory conditions are required for the exported goods. If the exported goods are legally inspected, they should apply to the relevant inspection agency for inspection or entrust an agent to apply for inspection at the loading port in advance, so as to create conditions for smooth customs clearance and shipment. The export goods declaration form is an important document for the exporter to declare the export formalities to the customs before shipment. The quality of customs declarations is directly related to the efficiency of customs declaration and the economic interests of exporters. Fill in the export goods declaration form should pay attention to the contents of the list, the invoice and the contract, and the contents of the goods should be consistent with each other. The name of the goods should be consistent with the commodity code. The quantity and unit should be consistent with the customs statistics unit of the exported goods.
2. Preparation of the goods. At present, the customs implements customs clearance, so preparing the export goods in advance is a necessary condition for smooth customs clearance. If it is factory delivery, the exporter can ship the goods to the container transfer station designated by the carrier, and the transfer station is responsible for loading the goods into the container in turn. If the exporter requires the production, the carrier can transport the empty container to the warehouse of the exporter and, after packing the goods, transport the container directly to the yard. In the process of exporting goods, how to choose a reasonable packing method? Only when the exporter knows the internal dimensions of the container, can the reasonable packing method be selected according to the single piece volume of the exported goods. 20' dry cargo box internal dimensions and large deadweight tons are: long 5890MM, width 2350MM, height 2390MM, larger deadweight 21 tons; 40' dry cargo box internal size and larger deadweight tons: length 12029MM, width 2350MM, height 2390MM The larger deadweight is 26 tons. Based on the above data, a more reasonable packing method can be calculated. The exporter should go to the site to check the loading situation and ask the container transfer station to load the goods according to the exporting method. In this way, on a certain basis, it can prevent short-loading or mis-installation, thus laying a foundation for smooth customs clearance.
The concept, content, type and bill of lading of the bill of lading are a type of document issued by the carrier to the shipper after receiving the goods. It is a receipt of goods, a document of title representing the goods, and is a certificate of the contract of carriage between the two parties, which can be bought and sold.
The contents of the bill of lading have both positive and negative aspects. The positive contents include the name of the ship, the port of shipment, the port of destination, the name of the shipper, the name of the consignee, the name of the goods, the mark, the package, the number of pieces, the weight or volume, the freight, the original number of the bill of lading, The date of issue of the bill of lading, the signature of the carrier or the master, etc., the reverse of the bill of lading is the specific terms of transport, the carrier and the shipper's responsibilities, claims and litigation have detailed provisions.
After the shipment of the goods is completed, the carrier first implements the freight, and then issues the bill of lading to the consignor. The bill of lading is a more important document in the maritime business. After obtaining the bill of lading, the shipper immediately goes to the local foreign exchange bank to negotiate the settlement of the foreign exchange. The bank receives the bill of lading submitted by the shipper and the relevant documents. After the review is correct, the bill of lading and other documents are sent to the importer to open the letter of credit. bank.
The foreign local bank receives the documents. After the audit is correct, the payment will be transferred to the account of the foreign exchange bank of China Foreign Exchange Bank. The foreign exchange bank will collect the payment, and then the bank will transfer the payment to the account of the domestic exporter. It can be seen that the exporting party should be cautious when confirming the bill of lading with the carrier or its agent. It should be “consistent and consistent with the documentsâ€. Otherwise, once the bill of lading is issued, it will affect the timely settlement of the exporting party.
There are many types of bills of lading, and there are mainly the following types according to different categories:
(1) According to whether the goods have been loaded, they are divided into the bill of lading and the bill of lading.
(2) According to the appearance of the goods, there are no bad comments, divided into clean bills of lading and unclean bills of lading.
(3) According to different modes of transportation, it is divided into direct bill of lading and transshipment bill of lading.
(4) According to commercial habits, it is divided into reverse bill of lading and pre-lending bill of lading.
In the actual business, the problem of reverse signing and pre-lending the bill of lading is due to the expiration of the shipping period stipulated in the letter of credit, or the negotiation period stipulated in the letter of credit is imminent. Although the goods have been delivered to the carrier, the contracted ship failed. Upon arrival on time, the carrier may, in response to the request of the exporting party, issue the “shipped†bill of lading of the name of the vessel in advance, and the exporting party shall pay the bill to the bank by the bill of lading.
In this case, the bill of lading issued by the carrier or its agent is referred to as the “prepaid bill of ladingâ€. Pre-borrowing bills of lading have a great risk to the carrier. If the importer finds that the bill of lading is forged, it can not only refuse to pay, but also has the right to pursue the legal liability of the carrier and the exporter. Therefore, in general, the carrier will not agree to issue the prepaid bill of lading. The reverse bill of lading is the bill of lading issued by the carrier or its agent at the date of issue after the shipment of the goods, on the date of the actual shipment of the goods. This is to comply with the provisions of the letter of credit regarding the shipping period, and the bill of lading issued on the date of the refilling at the request of the exporting party, so it is called the reverse bill of lading.
The carrier issues such bill of lading to bear the risks that may arise from it. However, due to shipping practices and trade needs, under certain conditions, such as the date of signing is the day after the ship has arrived and has started loading, or the goods signed are sporadic groceries rather than a large number of bulk goods. Or, when the time between the reversing of the signing and the time of loading is not too long, the carrier may still agree to issue the certificate after obtaining the letter of guarantee from the exporting party.