Jade is a kind of cylindrical jade that is outside the inner circle and is one of the important rituals in ancient China. The earliest jade was found in the third phase of Xuejiagang, Anhui Qianshan, about 5100 years ago. In the middle and late Neolithic period, Yuxi appeared in Liangzhu culture in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, Shixia culture in Guangdong, and Taosi culture in Shanxi. The Yushu culture was the most developed, and the number of unearthed and handed down was very large.
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In the Neolithic Age, more Liangzhu jade was discovered. The jade material is a tremolite jade stone produced in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The texture is impure, mostly in blue, partly yellow, and foggy milky white after soil leaching. Except for a few cylinders, they are made into a regular inner circle square. The carcass is cut regularly, the middle hole is made of the pipe drill, and the middle joint often has two layers. The size of the jade is different, usually short in the early stage and high in the late stage. The body is decorated with animal face patterns, and the ornamentation is centered on the four corners. It is divided into four groups, and the same pattern is attached to the enamel with the same pattern. Part of the jade is outside the body of the animal's face, with fine sinuous lines engraved with the "God Man" figure and cloud thunder, the Yin line is carved with a stone, and the lines are firm. The god beast pattern unearthed from the anti-mountain site in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province is the largest jade in the Liangzhu culture that is seen today.
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there were not many jade baboons. From the unearthed objects, the shape of the cockroaches during this period was generally shorter and more radiant. The jade is cut and regular, the middle hole is larger, and the carcass is slightly thinner than the new stone. The Yinxu Women’s Tomb has unearthed two pieces of jade-like jade, one set of chords on the top and bottom, ribs on the four corners, and vertical chords on the sides. This style is rare. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the shape of the jade was similar to that of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The shape of the jade was small. Some of the warring countries were engraved with detailed animal face lines and hook-and-cloud patterns. The Han Dynasty is no longer manufactured.
After the Song Dynasty, there appeared antique jade, but the imitations of Song Zhiming were decorated with the patterns that were popular at the time. From the end of the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the pseudo-ancient jade was dominated by the imitation of the Shangyu face dwarf jade, and there were also imitations of Liangzhu culture. The antique jade in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty was especially popular. Due to the different processing tools and habits, most of the fakes appear to be sleek and lack of ancient meaning, and the degree of maturity is more difficult to make realistic.
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