(a) Characteristics of water:
Water is pervasive, and it gradually penetrates into the interior of the building by the forces of wind pressure, convection, impact, adhesion, and capillary, and it is not easy to see from the surface during the process of infiltration. In other words, the cause of leaks must be analyzed in-depth to the "visceral" analysis in order to prescribe the right medicine.
(b) Pressure changes in water and steam:
Once the water penetrates into the building, in a limited space, when the sun shines and heat is generated, water vapor is formed. These water vapors generate a great deal of pressure to destroy the original waterproof layer, and even surface decoration and decoration. The intermediate changes in the material (for example, paint peeling, wallpaper blackening, brick swelling, and wooden floor expansion) are as follows: 1 mole of water is 18g in volume of 18?, and 1 mole of water vapor is in volume of 22.4 liters=22400? . In other words, if one unit of water turns into water vapor, it will produce 1,240 times the pressure within the limited space inside the building. The destructiveness of this pressure is terrible. (So ​​we often find that the waterproof glue is applied on the water-containing foamed cement and soon the entire bulge has peeled off.)
(iii) Waterproofing must be done on a solid body:
The interface with the waterproof material must not have bulging, dusting, beehive, wood, paper scraps, sludge, small stones, nor can it be done on a loose loose body, due to poor adhesion, and The destruction of the sun's ultraviolet rays, the heat and cold shrinkage of the building itself, and the destruction of water vapor pressure can easily cause the waterproof layer to deteriorate and fail.
(4) Positive waterproof is better than negative waterproof:
If the roof is waterproof, it should be directly on the surface of the roof. The wall waterproofing should be done directly on the outer wall. Water leakage from the tank should be done directly on the inner layer of the tank. The water seepage in the bathroom will cause the bathtub and tile to be removed and waterproof again. Why? Water will spread to other places under pressure. It is not easy to construct a place where there is a dead end in the house. The "superiority" mentioned here is relatively comparative, not absolute. With the development of science and technology, there have been a number of people who have launched negative construction waterproof materials in the market--water pressure resistant silicic acid series permeation powders, and high- and low-pressure injection of synthetic resin to produce expanded crystals, but also waterproof, but not all In all occasions, successful construction is possible. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt waterproof construction on the front.
(e) Containment type waterproofing is prone to failure:
Waterproofing should be ruled from its roots. With confinement methods, water is pervasive, and it can also cause pressure damage. It can cause permanent damage if the root cause is found. For example, the location of the top floor leaking water is just in the stamped and unconstructed room. Most people want it. It is easy to fail to intercept the water from the outside.
(vi) The definition of stop leakage is:
Regardless of the size of the water pressure, no matter whether it rains in the next few days or whether there is water on the roof, it cannot leak. This is called waterproof leakage.
(7) The concept of "waterproof without money":
In order to achieve the effect of waterproofing, it is not necessary to spend money. In addition to deterioration and deterioration, concrete itself has a waterproof function. For example, in the house built by the Japanese era, the external walls were not tiled, washed, or smashed, but they would not leak water. On the other hand, the house in the villa area is now made of expensive imported waterproof film. Waiting for the dibutyl hang, still leaking! However, it is the meticulous care and meticulism of the Japanese adobe waterworkers. All of them have been properly handled beforehand in areas where water leakage may occur.
(h) None of the materials are omnipotent:
Any kind of waterproof material has its uniqueness and applicability. The concept of "one treatment for all diseases" is wrong. Therefore, how to select materials is an important issue. A good doctor is leading the use of drugs rather than being led by the drug.
(9) Selection of criteria for judging the merits of waterproof materials (how to properly use materials in suitable materials):
1. Adherence to the body. 2. Elastic elongation. 3. Water permeability. 4. Compression, tear strength. 5. Weather resistance, aging resistance. 6. Surface decoration material adhesion. Whether you are a teacher, site supervisor, or contractor decision maker, you have the ability to make comprehensive value judgments above, so as not to be confused and misled by the materials trader's beautiful data report, to pick the wrong materials, to use the wrong methods, to cause untold times, or to cause problems. Create a waste of money.
Leaky parts of buildings and their causes Roof:
A. No design waterproof layer B. Incorrect selection of material; poor performance in flooding, falling head or waterproofing C. Insufficient cleanness of construction surface and incorrect moisture content test
A. Unsaturated waterway design B. Incorrect filling of window frames C. Insufficient airtightness of the windows caused by typhoon leakage D. Water leakage at the doorway E. Drain holes at the lower end of the window were blocked by cement.
Exterior wall:
A. Adsorption is caused by excessive water-cement ratio B. Honeycomb is not caused by concrete watering.
A. Wrong selection of waterproof material B. Insufficient height of waterproof construction causes wall cancer on the wall C. Broken water pipes or old water leaks D. Leakage at the floodgate E. The waterproof layer is damaged by external forces.
basement:
A. The waterproof construction technology does not change according to the basic type B. The work seam is not treated with water stoppage C. The structure is poor? The honeycomb, the mud, the water-cement ratio is too high, the grading is bad, etc.?
Expansion joints:
A. Insufficient reserved seam width? Not calculated? D. Non-drainage design? Most water-blocking design? C. Non-standard telescopic material D. The constructor lacks professionalism.
Water Tower Pool:
A. There is no hanging mould construction on the ground and wall surface, which causes earthquake cracking and leakage of water. B. There is no pre-applied waterproof construction before the tiles are applied? The elastic material must be used. C. The pipe is not reinforced and waterproofed.
B. Material Classification - Subdivision
A waterproof insulation material (common)
PVC Foam Board Perlite Shrinking Plate II Anticorrosive Material Polyurethane Anticorrosion Coating Resin Composite Anticorrosion Material Synthetic Asphalt Anticorrosive Coating III Waterproof Material
1, waterproof membrane polymer modified asphalt waterproof membrane
SBS modified bitumen waterproofing membrane
APP modified asphalt waterproof membrane
APAO modified bitumen membrane
APO Modified Asphalt Waterproofing Coil Synthetic Polymer Waterproofing Membrane EPDM Waterproof Coil Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Waterproof Membrane Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Waterproof Coil chlorinated Polyethylene Rubber Blend ( CPE Blend) Waterproof Coiled Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSPE) Waterproof Coiled Polypropylene Polypropylene Composite (PE) Waterproof Coil High Density
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